In the world of coin collecting, some coins are more than just metal – they are history. The 1859 Indian Head Cent is one of those coins. It was the very first year the famous Indian Head penny design was introduced, starting a long and beloved series of U.S. coins. Today, this coin is a top choice among collectors, not just because of its age, but also because of its historical value, unique design, and one-year-only reverse style.
The History Behind the 1859 Indian Head Cent
The Indian Head cent was created as a replacement for the Flying Eagle cent, which had a short life from 1856 to 1858. The U.S. Mint faced production issues with the Flying Eagle, so Chief Engraver James B. Longacre designed the new Indian Head version. Although commonly called “Indian Head,” the portrait on the coin is actually Lady Liberty wearing a Native American-style headdress. This made the coin unique and symbolic of American culture in the mid-19th century.
The very first Indian Head cent was struck in 1859. It was made of a copper-nickel alloy (88% copper and 12% nickel), which gave the coin a paler, whitish appearance compared to later coins made of bronze.
Design Features of the 1859 Indian Head Cent
The 1859 version stands out because of its reverse design, which was used for only one year. Instead of the shield-and-wreath design seen on later coins, the 1859 reverse simply featured a laurel wreath with the words “ONE CENT” in the center. In 1860, the design was changed to include a shield at the top, which makes the 1859 coin highly collectible due to its one-year-only artwork.
On the front (obverse), you’ll find the famous portrait of Liberty with the headdress and the words “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” circling the rim, along with the year “1859” below.
Rarity and Collector Value
Since this coin was made for only one year, it has become a favorite among coin collectors. Over 36 million of these were minted in 1859, so it’s not extremely rare, but finding one in good condition can be a challenge. Coins in circulated condition are more affordable, but uncirculated or high-grade specimens can sell for thousands of rupees depending on condition and eye appeal.
If you’re starting a collection of Indian Head cents, the 1859 coin is a must-have because it marks the beginning of the series and has a distinct design that sets it apart.
Quick Specifications Table
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Coin Name | 1859 Indian Head Cent |
| Mint | Philadelphia Mint (No mintmark) |
| Designer | James B. Longacre |
| Composition | 88% Copper, 12% Nickel |
| Weight | 4.67 grams |
| Diameter | 19 mm |
| Obverse Design | Liberty with Indian headdress |
| Reverse Design | Laurel wreath (no shield) |
| Edge | Plain |
| Mintage | Approx. 36.4 million |
The 1859 Indian Head Cent is more than just the first year of a coin series – it’s a window into the past. From its one-year-only reverse design to its classic obverse, this coin is a true collector’s piece. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned numismatist, adding this iconic penny to your collection is both a smart and sentimental investment. Its blend of historical importance, beautiful design, and collectibility ensures that the 1859 Indian Head cent will always be treasured.
FAQ’s:
Why is the 1859 Indian Head Cent special?
It was the first year of the Indian Head series and has a unique reverse design used only in 1859.
How can I identify a real 1859 Indian Head Cent?
Look for the laurel wreath on the back without a shield and the date “1859” on the front.
What is the coin made of?
It’s made of a copper-nickel alloy (88% copper and 12% nickel), giving it a lighter color than later Indian Head cents.
What is the value of an 1859 Indian Head Cent?
In circulated condition, it can be worth ₹2,000–₹10,000. High-grade or uncirculated coins may sell for much more.